An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle that is powered by an electric motor rather than an internal combustion engine. The main components of an EV system architecture include:

 

1- Battery pack: The battery pack stores energy that is used to power the electric motor. It is typically made up of a number of lithium-ion cells that are connected in series and parallel to form a battery pack with the desired voltage and capacity.

 

2- Electric motor: The electric motor is the main propulsion system in an EV. It converts electrical energy from the battery pack into mechanical energy to drive the wheels.

 

3- Inverter: The inverter converts direct current (DC) electricity from the battery pack into alternating current (AC) electricity, which is used to power the electric motor.

 

4- Onboard charger: The onboard charger is used to charge the battery pack from an external power source, such as a wall outlet or a charging station.

 

5- Power electronics: The power electronics control the flow of electricity between the battery pack, the electric motor, and the onboard charger. They include components such as the inverter and the power distribution unit.

 

6- Vehicle control system: The vehicle control system is the central computer that controls the various systems in the EV, including the power electronics, the electric motor, and the charging system. It is responsible for managing the flow of electricity and ensuring that the EV is operating efficiently and safely.